There’s a frequent refrain that’s been echoing throughout the corridors of power in Hollywood ever since the dual WGA and SAG-AFTRA strikes of 2023 put both the community in perilous straits: “Survive until ’25.”
What does that mean? Bluntly, the movie industry knew that 2024 would be a difficult year from both a creative and business perspective — depending on whose data you cite, box office revenues are down anywhere between 20-25% from 2023 — and so everyone involved in the moviemaking process spent the year hunkering down, hoping (praying?) that 2025 will rebound.
That being said, there were a number of movies that hit both large formats and small screens that proved to be very much worthy of our time and, of course, yours. Below you’ll find our list of the 24 Best Movies of 2024, which run the gamut from aging auteurs going for glory (FFC’s Megalopolis, Kevin Costner’s Horizon) to new voices relaying the trans experience to the masses in incredibly moving ways (Will & Harper, I Saw The TV Glow), from big budget popcorn pictures (The Fall Guy, Furiosa) to Glen Powell doing Glen Powell things (Hit Man, Twisters). The common thread uniting them all? Team Decider watched them, went to bat for them, and now want you to watch them.
STARRING: Adam Driver, Aubrey Plaza
WRITTEN BY: Francis Ford Coppola
DIRECTED BY: Francis Ford Coppola
Megalopolis is a sheer miracle of a film, not simply because it exists, but because it challenges the audience to reassess its relationship to art, cinema, and life itself. Adam Driver stars as Cesar Catilina, a genius architect whose greatest breakthrough — the essentially magical substance of Megalon — is somehow tied to his beloved wife’s death. Catilina dreams of razing the corrupt city of New Rome and replacing it with a living city of Megalon. Joining his vision is the mayor’s beautiful daughter Julia (Nathalie Emmanuel), his new muse.
Megalopolis received almost unanimous pans from critics, but it’s a layered, nuanced, lyrical expression of a genius filmmaker’s deepest interests. The haters who don’t get why Adam Driver never uses his ability to stop time for any plot-related reason are thinking of it as a superhero film and not visual poetry. Cesar’s power is that of the artist to freeze an emotional moment forever…as film does. – Meghan O’Keefe
STARRING: Amy Poehler, Maya Hawke, Ayo Edibiri
WRITTEN BY: Meg LeFauve and Dave Holstein
DIRECTED BY: Kelsey Mann
Much like the first installment, Inside Out 2 is wildly funny (the sequence in The Vault, where Riley keeps her deepest, darkest secrets, is a riot), tender and sweet (in its depiction of friendship inside and outside Riley’s head), and a little bit tearjerky (there’s no devastating Bing Bong-like moment here, but it’s hard to come to grips with Joy’s diminished role in Riley’s life without sniffling). This movie shows Pixar doing its Pixar thing — Anxiety is not The Villain here, it’s just something that we all have to deal with! — sticking to its core philosophy by skillfully cutting across the demographic spectrum. Is it the result of conservative thinking? Sure. But that’s the successful Pixar formula, more for better than for worse.
STARRING: Anne Hathaway, Nicholas Galitzine
WRITTEN BY: Michael Showalter, Jessica Westfeldt
DIRECTED BY: Michael Showalter
Anne Hathaway and Nicholas Galitzine star in this steamy age-gap romance, which was all the talk when it hit Prime Video back in March. The film follows a 40-year-old single mom (Hathaway) who falls in love with a 24-year-old boyband singer (Galitzine) she meets while taking her daughter to Coachella. What ensues is a provocative love affair filled with sexy hotel-room trysts and big romantic gestures. Unlike some movies that feature a big age gap between their leading characters, this one leaves out the creepy factor and reminds us that love comes in all forms, though it probably helps that Hathaway still looks like she’s in her twenties. If that’s not enough to draw viewers in, it should be noted that Galitzine’s hunky character was inspired by the one and only Harry Styles. So, if you haven’t seen The Idea of You yet, we highly suggest you don’t end 2024 without streaming one of this year’s hottest movies. —Samantha Nungesser
STARRING: Anna Kendrick, Daniel Zovatto
WRITTEN BY: Ian McDonald
DIRECTED BY: Anna Kendrick
Anna Kendrick directs and stars in Woman Of The Hour, a compelling dramatization of the appearance of real-life serial killer Rodney Alcala (played by a chilling Daniel Zovatto) on The Dating Game in 1978. Kendrick plays Sheryl Bradshaw, a struggling actress, who is convinced by her agent to be a contestant on the popular show. Working from a solid screenplay by Ian McDonald, Kendricks proves her mettle as a filmmaker, expertly crafting each frame and drawing out masterful performances from her cast. A gripping true crime tale, Woman Of The Hour gives Alcala’s victims the agency they deserve. —Karen Kemmerle
STARRING: Brittany O’Grady, James Morosini, Alycia Debnam-Carey, David Thompson
WRITTEN BY: Greg Jardin
DIRECTED BY: Greg Jardin
It’s What’s Inside was a welcomed surprise. The thrilling comedy follows a group of college friends who reunite ahead of their classmate’s wedding to celebrate. But when one unexpected guest arrives with a mysterious game – and, unbeknownst to them, a plan for revenge – the night takes a turn when they unexpectedly swap bodies. This could have easily devolved into a try-hard, edgy comedy, but each of the actors deliver such strong performances – both as themselves and as their co-stars once they swap bodies – that every second is propulsive, leading up to a thrilling finale that will leave you wanting more. Both Alycia Debnam-Carey and Brittany O’Grady told Decider they were definitely interested in returning for a sequel, so fingers crossed that we will one day get to see how this story ends once and for all. – Radhamely De Leon
STARRING: Harper Steele, Will Ferrell
DIRECTED BY: Josh Greenbaum
What makes Netflix’s Will & Harper documentary so special isn’t that it’s a documentary about someone who is trans. It’s that it’s a documentary about a beautiful friendship. Directed by Josh Greenbaum, Will & Harper finds longtime friends and former Saturday Night Live colleagues Will Ferrell and Harper Steele on a road trip together, a few years after Harper transitioned to live her life publicly as a woman. Steele, a former SNL head writer, gamely promises to answer any questions Ferrell may have about her transition. But far more compelling than questions about breast implants is the genuine love between these two people—a love bigger than, it seems, either of them fully realized at the start of the journey. You’ll be moved to tears, and, hopefully, come away knowing every human deserves to live as their authentic selves. –Anna Menta
STARRING: Glen Powell, Daisy Edgar-Jones, Anthony Ramos, Brandon Perea, Maura Tierney, Sasha Lane
WRITTEN BY: Mark L. Smith, story by Joseph Kosinski
DIRECTED BY: Lee Isaac Chung
2024 was a year ripe with film sequels and Twisters stands out among the best. Yes, it’s a sequel — though really in spirit, more than anything else — to the 1996 disaster flick Twister, but it’s also a showcase for Glen Powell’s movie star charisma and the epitome of what we look for in a big summer blockbuster. What’s better than beating the heat by spending two-or-so hours in AC watching a bunch of incredibly attractive people chase tornadoes?! Twisters stars the aforementioned Powell and Daisy Edgar-Jones as rival storm chasers Tyler and Kate; he’s a popular YouTuber known as the “Tornado Wrangler” and she’s a meteorologist with some tornado trauma. Twisters kicks off when Kate returns home to Oklahoma for one last ride at the urging of her college friend, Javi (Anthony Ramos), who wants her help in testing new tornado scanning radar technology. The storms intensify, but so do feelings as Kate and Tyler begin to put aside their differences. If you like Twister, you’re sure to like Twisters as well, but if you’ve never even seen Twister, it’s likely you’ll enjoy the sequel, too, thanks to thrilling action sequences, sizzling chemistry between the two leads, and an incredible soundtrack. — Angela Tricarico
STARRING: Conor Sherry, Gabriel LaBelle, Mika Abdalla, David Costabile, Nick Robinson
WRITTEN BY: Adam Carter Rehmeier
DIRECTED BY: Adam Carter Rehmeier
Adam Carter Rehmeier’s under-the-radar gem Snack Shack is a vibe. A welcome addition to the “one crazy summer” coming-of-age genre, the film centers on two entrepreneurial best friends who run the swimming pool snack shack during an unforgettable summer in the halcyon days of 1991. Love and shenanigans ensue as the film deftly captures the “any day could be the day” unpredictability of adolescence. Evoking the nostalgic coziness found in similar films like The Way Way Back and Adventureland, Snack Shack is the chillest of hangs. —Josh Sorokach
STARRING: Nicolas Cage, Maika Monroe, Alicia Witt, Blair Underwood
WRITTEN AND DIRECTED BY: Osgood Perkins
You can never really count Nicolas Cage out, can you? This low budget, Lynchian serial killer thriller, written by Osgood Perkins — son of Tony Perkins, of Psycho fame — became the year’s biggest box office surprise due in large part to Cage’s maniacal, extremely creepy portrayal of the titular serial killer Longlegs, a T Rex obsessed megafreak who could have easily done a 3 episode arc on Botched. Maika Monroe finally fulfilled her destiny by fully leaning into her Scream Queen era; here she’s tasked with playing a tightly wound FBI agent trying desperately to keep childhood trauma buried, but finding herself unable to do so when she catches the case of bringing Longlegs to justice. This one seems destined to enter the canon for serial killer movies, sitting right alongside Silence Of The Lambs, Seven, and American Psycho.—Mark Graham
STARRING: Julianne Nicholson, Zoe Ziegler, Elias Koteas, Will Patton
WRITTEN AND DIRECTED BY: Annie Baker
Pulitzer Prize winning playwright Annie Baker’s debut feature is a languid look back at an analog summer sometime in the early ’90s, following the “adventures” of an awkward pre-teen (Zoe Ziegler) and her hippie mother (the always outstanding Julianne Nicholson) as they glide through an unexpected summer together somewhere in Western Massachusetts. The scare quotes I put around “adventures” were intentional, because not much of anything adventurous actually happens here. No asteroids fall from the sky, no serial killers chase the mother and daughter; there’s not even a fender bender to speak of. That’s not to say that nothing of import happens, though, because this movie is teeming with lived experience, particularly as it relates to that moment in everyone’s adolescence when they begin to realize that their parents aren’t infallible paragons of perfection. If you are able to put yourself in the right headspace and connect with this movie’s unique and wholly special rhythms, a very special viewing experience awaits.—Mark Graham
STARRING: Kristen Stewart, Katy M. O’Brian, Ed Harris, Dave Franco
WRITTEN BY: Weronika Tofilska and Rose Glass
DIRECTED BY: Rose Glass
Buff bodybuilders, a banging ’80s score and a murder plot? Yes, please. Love Lies Bleeding boasts all three to combine a twisty plot that scoops us along for a thrill ride like no other this year. Kristen Stewart stars as gym manager Lou, whose mundane (and at times, revolting) work is disrupted by the arrival of newcomer Jackie (Katy M. O’Brian), who stops by her gym while preparing for a body building competition. The two quickly fall into an intense romance, but this love story isn’t afraid to go dark. Lou, who has been fed up with her sister Beth’s (Jena Malone) abusive husband JJ (a sleazebag Dave Franco) for a while, is especially horrified after JJ’s beating lands Beth in the hospital. But Jackie takes her rage to the next level, brutally murdering JJ in a fit of steroid-fueled anger. When Lou finds her brother-in-law’s body, she plots a cover-up, pinning the deed on her criminal father Lou Sr. (a stony Ed Harris), which is when the story really heats up. Love Lies Bleeding is a wild time, both disgusting and engrossing, tense and hilarious. —Greta Bjornson
STARRING: Ryan Gosling, Emily Blunt, Aaron Taylor-Johnson, Hannah Waddingham
WRITTEN BY: Drew Pearce
DIRECTED BY: David Leitch
The Fall Guy was poised to be one of the biggest box office draws of Summer 2024, and maybe even the first entry of a franchise, but then somehow never really materialized into one. Which is a shame, really, because Ryan Gosling and Emily Blunt’s natural charisma and magnetic chemistry is something that we could watch over and over and over again. The movie’s meta narrative about the particulars of the movie industry was probably a bit too cutesy for mainstream audiences, but director David Leitch (Bullet Train, Deadpool 2) has proven himself to be a confident filmmaker whose pictures brim with exciting setpieces and visual flair.—Mark Graham
STARRING: Kevin Costner, Sienna Miller, Luke Wilson, Sam Worthington
WRITTEN BY: Jon Baird and Kevin Costner
DIRECTED BY: Kevin Costner
Kevin Costner’s magnificent, widescreen Western epic proves that yes, indeed, sometimes they DO make them like they used to. The sheer scope and scale of this production hearkens back to an earlier time when Hollywood was still able to capture the attention of the masses by putting breathtakingly gorgeous imagery together with pulse-pounding action sequences and ambitious storytelling — so of COURSE it was wholly ignored by today’s dimwitted, dumbed down audiences, forcing Costner to indefinitely delay the release of Horizon 2 (which is already in the can) and jeopardizing the status of the planned third and fourth installments. That said, this movie DOES exist, and it’s very much worth diving into. Over the course of this movie’s 3 hour runtime, you’ll laugh, you’ll cry, your heart rate will elevate, and you’ll marvel at the splendor of cinema, baby. This is my #1 movie of the year by a country mile. —Mark Graham
STARRING: Josh Hartnett, Alison Pill, Ariel Donoghue, Saleka Night
WRITTEN BY: M. Night Shyamalan
DIRECTED BY: M. Night Shyamalan
Two of my true loves in this life are pop music and horror movies, and I could leave it at that, but it’s no surprise that Trap was catnip for me. Josh Hartnett stars as Cooper, a dad trying his very best to seem normal at a concert for Lady Raven (Saleka Night), his daughter Riley’s (Ariel Donoghue) pop idol. Of course, how could Cooper seem truly normal when he realizes the whole show has been devised to catch him, the notorious “Butcher,” a serial killer who has been terrorizing Philadelphia with his gruesome murders? To his family, though, Cooper is a heroic firefighter treating Riley to Lady Raven’s show as a reward for good grades. Whether he’s brazenly suggesting he and his daughter jump into a trap door on the floor of the venue mid-show, whipping his shirt off in his kitchen to eat some pie or pushing an innocent concertgoer down the stairs, Hartnett gives his all to the unhinged Cooper, resulting in some truly laugh-out-loud moments. Trap is a thrill, more fun than fright, but still delivers that classic M. Night Shyamalan twist.—Greta Bjornson
STARRING: Glen Powell, Adria Arjona, Austin Amelio, Retta, Sanjay Rao
WRITTEN BY: Glen Powell, Richard Linklater
DIRECTED BY: Richard Linklater
I was prepared to fight to the death to ensure that at least one of Glen Powell‘s two big 2024 movies made it into the top 10 and I couldn’t be happier that spot went to Hit Man. This movie premiered at a time where there was a huge conversation happening about the last of “stars” in Hollywood, an argument Powell swiftly shut down with his performance in this Netflix film. Not only is this movie hilarious and sexy, it blurs the lines between rom-com and thriller in a way that feels effortless and exciting. For all the chatter about male writers being bad at scribing for female audiences, Powell proved he is the internet’s babygirl — a superlative he absolutely knows that he holds — by writing and starring in a movie that he knows appeals to men and women equally. This is a rare feat in Hollywood these days and it just proves that if the biz is going to hitch its wagon to a horse, it should be Powell. — Hope Sloop
STARRING: June Squibb, Richard Roundtree, Fred Hechinger
WRITTEN BY: Josh Margolin
DIRECTED BY: Josh Margolin
If there’s any justice in the world, 95-year-old June Squibb will secure her second Oscar nomination for her titular role in Thelma. When she is taken advantage of by a phone scammer pretending to be her listless, but sweet grandson (Fred Hechinger) in jail, Thelma vows to get her 10K back herself since the police are useless. She enlists her reluctant old friend Ben (the late Richard Roundtree) and the two set off his scooter into the unknown together. A moving and funny debut feature from Josh Margolin (based on his own grandmother’s saga), this action-comedy (yes, action!) offers thoughtful insight on how we and our loved ones experience the privilege and hardships of growing older. – Karen Kemmerle
STARRING: Anya Taylor-Joy, Chris Hemsworth
WRITTEN BY: George Miller & Nick Lathouris
DIRECTED BY: George Miller
When George Miller faced up to the task of following his Mad Max trilogy with a decades-later sequel featuring an entirely different actor, he came up with Mad Max: Fury Road, probably the best-loved action picture of the past 20 years. That movie’s instant-classic status arguably made for an even tougher act to follow, especially with a prequel that again jettisons the actors we know from the previous movie. (Well, except the Miller rep-company players who switch roles as needed.) Yet Furiosa: A Mad Max Saga succeeds on its own distinctive terms, creating a sprawling, sometimes novelistic origin story for Charlize Theron’s one-armed badass from Fury Road. Anya Taylor-Joy takes over the part here (at least for Furiosa’s young-adult days), and Miller mixes a couple more all-timer action sequences with more desolate, reflective material about Furiosa’s gutting losses and simmering rage. Her final confrontation with Dementus (Chris Hemsworth, in a career-best performance) eschews action fireworks, instead playing like something out of a great western. For a couple of hours and change, franchise filmmaking seems genuinely mythic again. – Jesse Hassenger
STARRING: Ralph Fiennes, Stanley Tucci, Isabella Rossellini, John Lithgow
WRITTEN BY: Peter Straughan
DIRECTED BY: Edward Berger
I will bravely admit, I thought Conclave looked boring at first glance. Obviously, owing to its placement on this list (and the star power of its compelling cast), the pope drama is anything but. Ralph Fiennes leads Conclave as Cardinal Lawrence, a religious leader questioning his own faith and role in the church when the current pope dies, leaving devout men from all of the world to gather at the Vatican for a dramatic vote about who will succeed him. While Fiennes commands the screen as Lawrence, a man trying to do his very best for the church — and getting embroiled in swirls of secret and gossip in the process — the main contenders to be the next pope (Stanley Tucci, John Lithgow, Sergio Castellitto and Lucian Msamati) eat up every last crumb of their roles, right down to the swirling robes and sneaky little vape of Cardinal Tedesco, who is played with aplomb by Castellitto. Conclave’s ending, too, is an innovative twist, sure to surprise audiences who have been glued to their seats with every vote. —Greta Bjornson
STARRING: Mikey Madison, Yura Borisov
WRITTEN BY: Sean Baker
DIRECTED BY: Sean Baker
Sean Baker’s Anora is a bold retelling of the Cinderella story in modern America. Ani (Mikey Madison) is a Brooklyn-bred sex worker whose Russian heritage makes her a perfect escort for an oligarch’s party boy son. However, Ani soon finds herself smitten with the boyish Vanya (Mark Eydelshteyn). When Vanya proposes marriage to Ani, it really does seem like it’s her ticket out of the strip club and into a version of happily ever after.
However, as Act II starts, it soon becomes apparent that Vanya’s powerful parents are not pleased with their childish son’s choice of bride. Ani finds herself caught up in a hilarious hunt across Brooklyn for Vanya in the company of his father’s fixers and a quietly empathetic henchman named Igor (Yura Borisov). Anora ultimately plays like a beautifully sparkling mashup of Parasite and No Hard Feelings, two other great recent films that yank the rich off their pedestal and reveal them not as aspirational figures, but as inhumane monsters. — Meghan O’Keefe
STARRING: Demi Moore, Margaret Qualley, Dennis Quaid
WRITTEN BY: Coralie Fargeat
DIRECTED BY: Coralie Fargeat
The Substance is a mesmerizing film that stays with you long after streaming. Written and directed by Coralie Fargeat, the defiantly distinctive movie centers on an aging celebrity (played to perfection by Demi Moore) who takes a secretive drug called The Substance, a black-market serum that temporarily creates a younger, better version of yourself (portrayed by the magnetic Margaret Qualley).
What could possibly go wrong?!
An audacious mix of dark comedy and body horror, The Substance is a deeply destabilizing jaunt that radiates with originality. It’s the rare two-hour-plus film that doesn’t overstay its welcome. —Josh Sorokach
STARRING: Cynthia Erivo, Ariana Grande-Butera, Jonathan Bailey, Marissa Bode, Ethan Slater, Michelle Yeoh, Jeff Goldblum
WRITTEN BY: Winnie Holzman, Dana Fox
DIRECTED BY: Jon M. Chu
Well, they finally did it. They finally made a Wicked movie after years of development hell, director changes, and more. And frankly, it rules… even if it is only half the story. Wicked, based on the stage musical based on the book of the same name, is a prequel to The Wizard of Oz that explores the Wicked Witch of the West’s origins, relationships, and how she came to be so wicked before her encounter with a little girl and a bucket of water. Cynthia Erivo stars as the green girl, Elphaba, while Ariana Grande takes on the bubbly (no pun intended) role of Galinda — Glinda the Good, as she’s also known. Erivo and Grande are perfectly cast in the film. Their chemistry is evident from their loathing stage and only grows as the two become best friends, plus vocally, they bring something fresh and new to the beloved music of Wicked without actually changing too much.
It’s a very faithful adaptation of the stage musical’s first act (with one large, well done addition that pays homage to the ones who started it all) that expands the world of Oz beyond the stage in such a beautiful way. The supporting cast is excellent, too. Jeff Goldblum makes a wonderful wizard, Ethan Slater is a great Boq, and as Prince Fiyero, Jonathan Bailey takes the charisma Bridgerton fans always knew he had and turns it up a notch with a performance that’s pitch perfect. Based on the previous attempts to bring Wicked to the screen, director Jon M. Chu and co. inherited what could have become a disaster and turned it into something “thrillfying” for old fans and new ones alike. — Angela Tricarico
STARRING: Timothée Chalamet, Zendaya, Rebecca Ferguson, Javier Bardem, Florence Pugh, Christopher Walken
WRITTEN BY: Denis Villeneuve, Jon Spaihts, Frank Herbert
DIRECTED BY: Denis Villeneuve
The long wait for Denis Villeneuve’s inventive Dune sequel truly paid off when the blockbuster premiered in theaters this past March. Part 1 was a patient set-up for this bombastic thriller where Paul Atreides (Timothée Chalamet) and his mother Jessica (Rebecca Ferguson) become inextricably embedded in the Fremen as they try to recapture control of the empire. Both stars deliver such compelling performances that it will almost be enough to put viewers on the wrong side of history as you root for the Atreides coup. But the film is propelled forward by Austin Butler’s otherworldly performance as the terrifying Feyd-Rautha, and promising performances from Zendaya, Florence Pugh, and Anya Taylor-Joy, hinting that there is still more to come in the third installment. This installment alone ensures that Villeneuve’s take on Frank Herbert’s sprawling series will go down in history as one of the best book-to-film adaptations ever. – Radhamely De Leon
STARRING: Justice Smith and Brigette Lundy-Paine
WRITTEN BY: Jane Schoenbrun
DIRECTED BY: Jane Schoenbrun
When I say I Saw the TV Glow left me absolutely gutted, I mean that as a compliment. Written and directed by Jane Schoenbrun, this surreal horror-adjacent drama stars Justice Smith as Owen, a lonely, isolated kid growing up in the ’90s. Owen meets a cool alternative girl named Maddy (Brigette Lundy-Paine), who introduces him to a TV show called The Pink Opaque. As the years pass, it becomes clear that Owen doesn’t feel like the man society tells him he must be. Schoenbrun, with masterful command of the movie’s despairing tone and unsettling aesthetic, guides viewers through a painful journey that speaks to the trans experience. By the end, you won’t know what’s real—except Owen’s all-too-real suffering. In the era of superhero IPs and dwindling box office profits, it’s more difficult than ever before for indie filmmakers to break through to the mainstream. But somehow, Schoenbrun has done just that, and proven themselves to be queer cinema’s next big auteur. –Anna Menta
Stream Challengers on prime Video
STARRING: Zendaya, Mike Faist, Josh O’Connor
WRITTEN BY: Justin Kuritzkes
DIRECTED BY: Luca Guadagnino
In some ways, Challengers feels like it could have come out in any number of past eras. The old-fashioned charm of Luca Guadagnino’s film draws on the power of three attractive stars flirting and fighting their way in and out of a love triangle with real emotional stakes: Mike Faist and Josh O’Connor play competitive one-time besties, pitted against each other on and off the tennis court, for the affection of the woman they both love – a former tennis prodigy played by Zendaya. It’s easy to picture this romantic dramedy dynamic adapted for the screwball early ’40s, the weepier ’50s, the more swinging ’60s, the grittier ’70s, the sporto ’80s. But these three particular stars are at the beginning of their careers as leads – this is arguably the first grown-up leading role Zendaya has ever taken on – which gives the movie an immediate 2024 freshness. It’s one element among many that makes Challengers feel like a specifically contemporary form of the movie-movie: Heightened, visceral, attuned to its own pleasures, yet boasting a screenplay, by Justin Kuritzkes, that’s smart about the fluidity of sexuality and the purity of great athletics. It’s the kind of movie that’s not supposed to get made anymore, imagined in a way that would be difficult to picture before now. – Jesse Hassenger
